The full-scale war has drastically increased the need for psychological assistance in Ukraine: with around 15 million people expected to require support by the end of the war, including 1.8 million military personnel, 7 million elderly, and 4 million children. WHO estimates that one in five people in war zones has a mental disorder. PTSD prevalence has surged, quadrupling in 2023 compared to 2021, with the number of cases in early 2024 almost matching the total for 2021.
PTSD can develop in anyone, regardless of age, but certain factors increase the risk, including intense or prolonged traumatic events, prior trauma, lack of social support, and pre-existing mental health issues. The war’s negative impact on mental health is expected to create further strain on the healthcare system, contributing to increased cases of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory issues among those with mental disorders.
As of February 2025, approximately 9,000 primary care physicians and 1,800 specialized mental health professionals can provide free psychological care in Ukraine. The number of psychologists has increased since the war began, however it is still insufficient to meet the growing demand. Thus, the shortage of qualified psychologists and psychiatrists remains a significant challenge. Moreover, the rise of unqualified “pseudo-psychologists” offering mental health services poses a serious threat to patient safety.
The other significant issue exacerbating the problem is a legal contradiction in Ukraine’s healthcare system. While primary care physicians are tasked to provide psychological assistance, the Ministry of Health’s Order No. 199 (issued on April 15, 2008) formally restricts them from doing so unless they hold specialized qualifications in psychology or medical psychology. This legislative conflict limits the ability of primary care doctors to fully support patients with mental health issues, further burdening the already strained system and reducing access to much-needed psychological care.
The Ukrainian government is taking steps to address the issue, including the implementation of the National Mental Health Program initiated in 2022. Nonetheless, the shortage of qualified professionals, the legislative barriers faced by primary care providers, and the prevalence of unregulated practitioners highlight the need for long-term policies. There is a need in improving training programs, increasing certification requirements, and adapting international best practices. Ensuring the availability of qualified mental health professionals and regulating the provision of psychological services are critical to addressing the mental health crisis in Ukraine.
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