The final dissolution of the so-called “Nagorno-Karabakh Republic” in 2020–2023 significantly reshaped Azerbaijan’s foreign policy priorities, leading to a more pragmatic and multi-vector approach in its international relations. One of the key developments was strengthening Azerbaijan-Russia ties, driven by shared geopolitical interests, including anti-Western rhetoric, exerting pressure on Armenia, energy diversification, and the development of the North-South transport corridor.
However, the December 25, 2024, Embraer E190 aircraft incident strained diplomatic relations between Baku and Moscow, as Azerbaijan accused Russia of responsibility. Despite heightened tensions, Azerbaijan’s measured response, such as restricting Russian cultural institutions, indicates a willingness to de-escalate the dispute. At the same time, Russia’s actions demonstrate its unreliability as a partner.
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